Cardiovascular health in focus: new OECD report and JACARDI experts highlight the path from data to implementation

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) still causes around 1.7 million deaths every year in the European Union. It remains a leading cause of mortality, although most of this burden is preventable. That was the key message of the OECD webinar presenting the new EU-funded report ‘State of Cardiovascular Health in the European Union’, which also introduced new monitoring tools and highlighted how the EU Safe Hearts Plan can be translated into practical action, with JACARDI playing an active implementation role. 

The webinar, moderated by Francesca Colombo, Head of the Health Division at the OECD Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, brought together more than 300 participants from EU institutions, national authorities, research, clinical practice and patient organisations.

Opening the event, Antonio Parenti from the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety warned that progress in reducing cardiovascular deaths has slowed across Europe. Without stronger prevention and earlier intervention, the overall burden could grow substantially. The recently launched EU Safe Hearts Plan is designed to support Member States in strengthening national plans across prevention, screening, treatment and rehabilitation, with particular attention to vulnerable groups and inequalities in access to care.

New OECD data presented during the webinar show that over three-quarters of cardiovascular deaths in the EU are linked to modifiable risk factors, and trends are worsening in several areas. Around 22% of EU residents live with hypertension, 15% with obesity and 8% with diabetes, while psychosocial risks such as stress, depression and sleep problems affect roughly one third of the population. 

Important screening gaps persist: in the 45–54 age group, nearly three in ten adults have not had their blood pressure checked in the past year, and many have gone five years without testing blood sugar or cholesterol. Speakers stressed that screening only improves outcomes when it is followed by timely diagnosis, treatment and long-term patient support.

From the patient perspective, the panel highlighted that delays and fragmentation in diagnosis and care pathways remain a major barrier to better cardiovascular outcomes. Konstantina Boumaki, Board Member of the European Patients’ Forum, warned that late diagnosis and long waiting times not only worsen prognosis but also erode patient trust in the system. She stressed that reducing inequalities is not about delivering identical care to everyone, but about ensuring that all patients can truly access timely diagnosis, treatment and support; a principle that should guide how national cardiovascular plans are designed and implemented.

Alongside the report, the OECD and the European Commission launched a new Cardiovascular Health Dashboard, an online platform that allows policymakers, researchers and the public to track risk factors, care quality and patient pathways across EU countries.

From measurement to implementation

The discussion focused on a recurring weak point in public health policy: implementation. While the evidence on cardiovascular prevention and care is strong, most strategies fail in execution, noted Dr Héctor Bueno, co-leader of JACARDI’s Work Package on data and scientific coordinator of the Cardiovascular Health Strategy of Spain’s National Health System. The key is a clear vision, participation of patients and citizens, as well as political ownership.

Plans only deliver results when they are operational, measurable and realistic, stressed Dr Bueno. Measurement “is essential for visibility and accountability: without indicators, progress cannot be tracked”. 

He described how the Spanish strategy is built on a broad indicator framework covering prevention, primary care, acute and chronic care, gender aspects and education, supported by a core set of priority measures. Digital integration, interoperable registries and automated data systems are critical to make monitoring sustainable. Dr Bueno also underlined that aligning scientific evidence, political commitment and citizen engagement is as important as funding when moving from strategy to practice.

JACARDI’s cross-sector contribution to the Safe Hearts Plan

Dr Benedetta Armocida, coordinator of JACARDI, highlighted how the joint action supports the Safe Hearts Plan through cross-sector and patient-journey approaches that connect health literacy, risk awareness, screening and prevention with long-term care pathways. “Cardiovascular prevention is not only a health system responsibility but a societal one, requiring coordinated action across sectors,” Dr Armocida noted, reflecting a Health in All Policies approach. 

JACARDI pilots already include early-life interventions to improve children’s understanding of cardiovascular risk and workplace-focused prevention models, alongside broader work on food literacy, healthy environments and equitable access. Digital health and AI tools can accelerate impact, she added, “but only if they are properly integrated into routine care, trusted by users and supported through professional training”. 

The overall conclusion was clear: Europe now has stronger data, shared metrics and a dedicated policy framework through the Safe Hearts Plan. With its indicator frameworks, cross-sector pilots and implementation focus, JACARDI is helping to transform evidence and ambition into tangible improvements in cardiovascular health. 

References:

OECD (2025), The State of Cardiovascular Health in the European Union, OECD Publishing, Paris 

EU Safe Hearts Plan (pdf)

The State of Cardiovascular Health in Europe Dashboard, OECD

The Cardiovascular Health Strategy (CVHS) of Spain’s National Health System, Ministry of Health, Spain (pdf)

How JACARDI can support the implementation of the EU Safe Hearts Plan

Benedetta Armocida, coordinator of JACARDI, presented the Joint Action’s role in shaping screening and early detection approaches under the Safe Hearts Plan, during a dedicated webinar organized by the European Commission.

On 15 January 2026, the European Commission hosted the first stakeholder webinar dedicated to the Safe Hearts Plan, the EU’s first-ever cardiovascular health plan, adopted on 16 December 2025. The online event brought together nearly 500 stakeholders from across Europe and provided a key platform to exchange views on how to support the implementation of the Plan and its flagship initiatives [1].

The webinar [2] marked an important milestone in the roll-out of the Safe Hearts Plan, which aims to tackle cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of mortality in the European Union, through coordinated action on prevention, early detection and screening, and treatment, care and rehabilitation, while addressing cross-cutting challenges such as data and digitalisation, research and innovation, and health inequalities.

Opening the meeting, Commissioner for Health and Animal Welfare, Olivér Várhelyi, underlined the urgency of action and the importance of collaboration with stakeholders to turn the Plan into concrete results.

“Cardiovascular diseases remain Europe’s number one killer, placing a growing burden on our health systems, societies and economies. With the Safe Hearts Plan, we now have a strong policy tool at EU level, but its success will depend on close cooperation with Member States and stakeholders to make it a reality,” said Commissioner Várhelyi.

Supporting early detection and screening

During the webinar, the coordinators of key Joint Actions, JACARDI and JA PreventNCD, presented how their work contributes to the implementation of the Safe Hearts Plan. Dr Benedetta Armocida, coordinator of JACARDI, highlighted the Joint Action’s strong alignment with Pillar 2 of the Plan: early detection and screening, including the flagship initiative on an EU Protocol on Health Checks for CVDs.

JACARDI brings together 21 countries and 81 partners, working to translate EU priorities into concrete, country-level implementation. In particular, Work Package 8 on screening high-risk populations, led by Hanna Tolonen and Luigi Palmieri, is developing common protocols and tools to support Member States in the design, organisation and sustainability of effective screening programmes.

“We are testing and implementing practical solutions that can support the Safe Hearts Plan on the ground. Our pilot projects on early detection and screening aim to generate evidence and tools that help Member States reach high-risk populations, while embedding equity and sustainability across all activities. The aim is to provide further evidence and the result of our pilots to support the implementation of the European plan,” said Dr Armocida.

In practice, JACARDI is implementing 19 pilot projects focused on screening for CVDs and diabetes across different European countries, assessing the feasibility of diverse screening approaches. The Joint Action has also developed an online risk assessment tool selection guide, supporting professionals in selecting appropriate risk prediction methods.

Addressing inequalities is a core priority for JACARDI, fully aligned with the Safe Hearts Plan. Across its 143 pilot projects, the Joint Action promotes equity and diversity, targeting both the general population and high-risk groups, with a focus on integrated care pathways, self-management and social participation.

The webinar also showcased the strong alignment between the Safe Hearts Plan and other EU initiatives. Knut Jønsrud, project manager of JA PreventNCD, emphasised the importance of addressing key risk factors and reducing social inequalities through a life-course approach.

“Several flagship initiatives of the Safe Hearts Plan, such as modernising tobacco control legislation and strengthening health literacy, are closely aligned with our work. A people-centred, equity-focused approach and cross-sectoral collaboration are essential to achieving lasting impact,” said Jønsrud.

A coordinated EU response

Antonio Parenti, director for Public Health, Cancer and Human Security in the Directorate General for Human and Food Security of the European Commission (DG SANTE), stressed the scale of the challenge posed by CVDs and the need for decisive, coordinated action at EU level.

“CVDs cost the EU more than €280 billion every year. Without strong and coordinated action, this burden will continue to grow, affecting future generations, health systems and economic resilience. The Safe Hearts Plan is our collective response to this challenge,” Parenti stated.

He highlighted the Plan’s three pillars and its ten flagship initiatives, designed to improve population health, foster innovation and support sustainable healthcare systems. Prevention remains a cornerstone of the Plan, as nearly 80% of CVDs can be prevented through lifestyle changes, alongside strengthened, patient-centred and multidisciplinary care [3].

Next steps

The European Commission will now collect and analyse the feedback and ideas shared by stakeholders during the webinar. A second stakeholder webinar is planned for the second half of 2026, ensuring continued dialogue as the Safe Hearts Plan moves into its implementation phase.

For JACARDI, the webinar confirmed the relevance of Joint Actions as key instruments to support EU health policies and demonstrated how collaborative, evidence-based approaches can help reduce the burden of CVDs across Europe.

[1] About the Safe Hearts Plan flagship initiatives

Adopted in December 2025, the EU Safe Hearts Plan is underpinned by ten flagship initiatives designed to deliver clear EU added value across prevention, care and innovation, while supporting Member States in addressing cardiovascular diseases in a coordinated and sustainable way:d

• A lifelong, personalised and digitally enabled prevention programme – ‘EU cares for your heart’
• Empowering consumers through information on food processing in the EU
• Modernising tobacco control legislation
• The Commission will examine which appropriate tools, including possible financial actions, could be deployed to support/fund public health actions in the field of primary prevention and stimulate food reformulation and healthier consumer choices
• Proposal for a Council recommendation on vaccination against respiratory infections as a preventive measure for cardiovascular diseases
• EU protocol on health checks for cardiovascular diseases
• Proposal for a Council recommendation on personalised treatment and monitoring of cardiovascular diseases
• Incubator for innovation and integration of AI and digital technologies in cardiovascular healthcare
• EU cardiovascular health inequalities dashboard
• Cardiovascular Disease Research and Innovation Roadmap

[2] Stakeholder Webinar the Safe Hearts Plan – Meeting documents
[3] Questions and answers on the EU Safe Hearts Plan

A defining CVH moment in Europe: The Commission announced the Safe Hearts Plan

“When Europe acts together, we do not simply improve systems, we improve lives,” points out Benedetta Armocida, Coordinator of JACARDI, as the European Union’s Cardiovascular Health Plan is launched. At a time when cardiovascular disease remains Europe’s leading cause of death, this moment marks a collective step toward strengthening heart health across the continent.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death and disability in Europe, as confirmed by the newly released OECD report “The State of Cardiovascular Health in the European Union“. CVD claims 1.7 million lives each year, more than cancer and diabetes combined, and affects an estimated 62 million people. CVDs also contribute significantly to disability, early retirement, and absenteeism, lower the quality of life and reduce life expectancy, according to data from the European Commission [1], [2], [3].

The total economic burden of CVD in the EU is estimated at EUR 282 billion annually, around 2% of GDP, and significantly higher than that of cancer. The OECD report highlights stark geographic, gender and socio-economic disparities in cardiovascular outcomes and access to care, reinforcing the need for coordinated EU-level action. It also acknowledges JACARDI’s input to the report, and references JACARDI’s 4C Framework and pilot actions in France and Spain.

Bearing that in mind, the European Commission’s launch of the Cardiovascular Health Plan, under the name Safe Hearts Plan, marks a decisive moment for public health in the region. JACARDI strongly welcomes this Plan, as coordinated European action is essential to reduce the number of people falling ill with cardiovascular diseases, and to prevent premature deaths for those with existing conditions or risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure.

“The launch of the Cardiovascular Health Plan marks a pivotal moment for Europe’s public health. JACARDI welcomes this initiative, recognizing the crucial role of Joint Actions in fostering collaboration among countries, experts, and stakeholders. By working together, sharing knowledge, and aligning efforts, we can ensure that advances in prevention, care, and innovation in cardiovascular health truly reach all communities, leaving no one behind,” notes Prof Graziano Onder, Scientific Coordinator of JACARDI.

The Plan arrives at a critical time. For too long, CVD and diabetes have lacked the political visibility their burden demands. The CVH Plan opens the door to a new European approach that puts prevention first, strengthens early detection and screening, and promotes equity and integrated, patient-centred care across health systems. For JACARDI, this initiative is an essential step towards making the healthy choice the easy and default choice for citizens across Europe.

“The CVH Plan is a decisive step forward, and JACARDI is proud to contribute with its experience and technical expertise. Our work shows that no cardiovascular strategy can be effective without putting equity at the centre, addressing the gaps linked to income, geography, education and gender that still shape health outcomes across Europe. We look forward to supporting the implementation of a Plan that has the potential to change lives across the region”, explains Dr Benedetta Armocida, coordinator of JACARDI.

The CVH Plan is needed as fragmented efforts can no longer address challenges that are inherently interconnected. “Prevention, early detection, treatment, rehabilitation, digital innovation, community engagement, these elements only create real impact when they are aligned and mutually reinforcing”, adds Dr Armocida.

Equally important is the improvement of data collection and use, ensuring that high-quality, reliable information drives policy decisions, guides clinical practice and allows progress to be measured transparently across countries, as highlighted in a recent policy paper published in The Lancet Regional Health – Europe, developed jointly by the Joint Action on Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes (JACARDI), the Joint Action Prevent Non-Communicable Diseases (JA PreventNCD), and the WHO Regional Office for Europe (WHO/Europe), [4].

“Robust and accessible data are essential to understand where inequalities arise, to identify people at risk earlier and to ensure timely, high-quality care across Europe. Strengthening data systems, from availability and quality to interoperability and sharing, is key to improving early detection, screening programmes and continuity of care”, says Dr Héctor Bueno, co-leader of the working group on data availability, quality, accessibility and sharing from JACARDI.

Through its multidisciplinary network, technical expertise and strong partnerships, JACARDI stands ready to support the successful rollout of the Safe Hearts Plan. The Joint Action will continue to contribute practical knowledge on prevention, governance, data systems and quality of care, building on lessons learned from other European health initiatives and aligning closely with the shared vision set out by the European cardiovascular community.

Joint Actions are more than projects, they are engines of collaboration. JACARDI can serve as a bridge between countries, stakeholders, and other EU initiatives, helping to translate the CVH Plan into coordinated, coherent, and sustainable action across Europe.

JACARDI is generating concrete insights on equity, early detection, integrated care, digital tools, data systems, and workforce capacity. These lessons, grounded in practice and validated across diverse health systems, can inform the plan’s priorities, standards, and operational frameworks. JACARDI remains fully committed to supporting the European Commission in prioritizing the Cardiovascular Health Plan and promoting its effective implementation across Member States, ensuring that every step forward translates into meaningful impact for people’s health.

The Safe Hearts Plan at a glance:

• Prioritises prevention as one of its main pillars
• Sets clear targets, including reducing mortality related to cardiovascular disease by 25% by 2035
• Encourages Member States to develop or implement national cardiovascular health plans by 2027
• Emphasises reducing health inequalities and improving access to healthcare
• Supports an EU protocol on health checks to shift the focus from treatment to prevention
• Addresses lifestyle risks, including unhealthy diets, ultra-processed foods, and smoking

Read the full European Commission Safe Hearts Plan here.


References:
[1] OECD (2025), The State of Cardiovascular Health in the European Union, OECD Publishing, Paris,
[2] Cardiovascular health; European Commission
[3] Fighting cardiovascular disease – a blueprint for EU action, June 2020. European Heart Network and the European Society of Cardiology.
[4] Benedetta Armocida, Hanna Tolonen, Ivo Rakovac, Beatrice Formenti, Jill Farrington, Allison Ekberg, Hector Bueno, Giovanni Capelli, Silvia Francisci, Morten S. Frydensberg, Ane Fullaondo, Linda Granlund, Yhasmine Hamu Azcarate, Torben F. Hansen, Emil Høstrup, Tomi Mäki-Opas, Luigi Palmieri, Markku Peltonen, Valentina Possenti, Marco Silano, Gundo Weiler, Kremlin Wickramasinghe, Edwin Wouters, Knut-Inge Klepp, Graziano Onder, Gauden Galea, Strengthening non-communicable diseases monitoring systems in Europe through a multistakeholder collaborative approach: a key priority for advancing data-driven policymaking, The Lancet Regional Health – Europe, Volume 61, 2026, 101553, ISSN 2666-7762,

JACARDI at the ESC Congress 2025: Advancing the integration of mental and cardiovascular health

During the ESC Congress 2025, Professor Héctor Bueno unveiled a new statement from the European Society of Cardiology on mental health and cardiovascular disease, calling for closer collaboration between cardiologists and mental health professionals. The message was clear, mental and cardiovascular health are tightly interconnected, shaping one another from onset through progression to outcomes.

The ESC Congress 2025, held in Madrid at the end of August and organized by the European Society of Cardiology, brought together global leaders in cardiovascular medicine to present the latest advances shaping the future of heart health. Among the standout contributions was the presentation of the 2025 ESC Clinical Consensus Statement on Mental Health and Cardiovascular Disease[1], delivered by Professor Héctor Bueno, co-leader of JACARDI’s working group on data; senior researcher at the Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC) and cardiologist at Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre in Madrid (Spain).

Professor Bueno, together with Professor Christi Deaton, from the University of Cambridge (UK), introduced the new ESC Clinical Consensus Statement, which calls for a fundamental change in how mental health and cardiovascular disease are understood, assessed, and addressed in clinical practice. Their message was clear: mental health and cardiovascular health are not isolated domains but deeply interconnected, with each influencing the onset, progression, and outcomes of the other. 

The Consensus Statement urges healthcare systems to systematically screen for mental health symptoms during cardiovascular care, and conversely, to routinely evaluate cardiovascular risk in individuals being treated for mental health conditions. This bidirectional approach is grounded in strong evidence: poor mental health contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease, while patients with cardiovascular disease face a significantly higher risk of anxiety, depression, and other mental health challenges. When both conditions coexist, outcomes tend to worsen, underscoring the need for integrated care. 

A major innovation introduced in the Statement is the creation of Psycho-Cardio Teams, multidisciplinary units in which mental health professionals, such as psychologists and psychiatrists, work alongside with cardiologists and other cardiovascular specialists. These teams aim to ensure early identification of mental health conditions, better coordination of care, and more comprehensive support for both patients and caregivers. 

As Professor Bueno emphasized during his presentation: “Clinical cardiovascular practice often overlooks the impact of mental health. We need to see cardiovascular health professionals developing collaborations with mental health professionals in Psycho-Cardio Teams to help identify early mental health conditions in our patients and improve care and support for patients and their caregivers.”

Empowering patients

The proposal represents more than a structural change, it calls for a cultural shift within cardiovascular medicine. By integrating mental health into routine cardiovascular assessments, empowering patients to discuss psychological concerns openly, and acknowledging the complex interplay between emotional and physical well-being, this initiative moves toward a more person-centred model of care.

Such progress represents a significant cultural shift towards a more integrated and responsive healthcare system, with the ultimate goal of empowering patients and enhancing their quality of life. This vision aligns strongly with JACARDI’s mission to promote person-centred, prevention-oriented, and patient-empowerment models of care.

JACARDI and its growing impact on cardiovascular health in Europe

Building on this shared vision, JACARDI is actively contributing to this transformation through initiatives such as working groups focused on patients’ self-management [2] and integrated care pathways [3]. The goals of the Consensus Statement resonate strongly with JACARDI’s commitment to empowering individuals in taking an active role in managing their cardiovascular and mental health. 

Professor Bueno’s leadership in this landmark ESC initiative reinforces the consortium’s dedication to advancing cardiovascular health through innovative, holistic, and patient-centred approaches. His contribution at the ESC Congress 2025 marks an important milestone in Europe’s ongoing effort to bridge the gap between mental and cardiovascular health, an effort that promises meaningful benefits for patients across the region, empowering them to openly discuss their mental health with cardiovascular professionals and increasing the likelihood that their concerns will be taken seriously. 

During the ESC Congress, the European Alliance for Cardiovascular Health (EACH) also highlighted JACARDI’s role during its annual meeting held in Madrid [4]. EACH partners reviewed progress in their 2025 workplan, celebrated key advocacy achievements, and reaffirmed the importance of coordinated action to improve cardiovascular health across Europe. At the meeting, JACARDI was recognised as a strong example of effective communication and successful synergy-building among partners, illustrating how collaborative approaches can strengthen cardiovascular health initiatives at the European level. 

The visible engagement of JACARDI at the ESC Congress 2025 further highlights its increasing impact on the evolution of cardiovascular care in Europe. By championing mental–cardiovascular integration, strengthening patient empowerment, and fostering collaborative care pathways, JACARDI is helping to pave the way for a more holistic, equitable and person-centred cardiovascular health ecosystem across the region. 

References:

[1] Héctor Bueno, Christi Deaton, Marta Farrero, Faye Forsyth, Frieder Braunschweig, Sergio Buccheri, Simona Dragan, Sofie Gevaert, Claes Held, Donata Kurpas, Karl-Heinz Ladwig, Christos D Lionis, Angela H E M Maas, Caius Ovidiu Merșa, Richard Mindham, Susanne S Pedersen, Martina Rojnic Kuzman, Sebastian Szmit, Rod S Taylor, Izabella Uchmanowicz, Noa Vilchinsky, ESC Scientific Document Group , 2025 ESC Clinical Consensus Statement on mental health and cardiovascular disease: developed under the auspices of the ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee: Developed by the task force on mental health and cardiovascular disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). 

Endorsed by the European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations AISBL (EFPA), the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), and the International Society of Behavioral Medicine (ISBM), European Heart Journal, Volume 46, Issue 41, 1 November 2025, Pages 4156–4225, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf191   

[2] Work Package 10: Patients’ Self-management, ‘Be the master of your health’

[3] Work Package 09: Integrated care pathways, ‘Elevating pathways, enhancing Care’ 

[4] A collaborative approach between JACARDI and EACH 

Can artificial intelligence help shape smarter cardiovascular policies across Europe?

What if policymakers across Europe had faster, clearer and more reliable data to guide decisions in cardiovascular health? Addressing that challenge, one of JACARDI’s pilot teams from CNIC presented their work at the ESC Digital & AI Summit 2025, showcasing AI innovations designed to turn evidence into actionable policy.

At the European Society of Cardiology Digital & AI Summit 2025, researchers Fatima Sanchez-Cabo, Juan Ignacio Alvarez Arenas, Daniel Jiménez Carretero, from the Computational Systems Biomedicine group at CNIC (Spanish Cardiovascular Research Center), and active members of JACARDI’s Working Group on Data Availability, Quality, Accessibility and Sharing, presented their poster: CARMINA: Optimizing low-parameter language models for high-quality cardiovascular research assistance. The work was featured in the session From bench to bedside: the potential roles of large language models in cardiovascular medicine, moderated by Professor Lis Neubeck, from Edinburgh Napier University; and Associate Professor Johan Verjans MD PhD FESC FRACP, from the University of Adelaide.

Why does this matter?

Within JACARDI’s Pilot 57, CNIC is developing EUROCARDIAB, a pioneering federated data platform integrating cardiovascular health indicators from across Europe. One of its key features is a CVD impact simulator that models how changes in risk factors could reduce event prevalence, providing policy makers with reliable, data-driven scenarios for national planning.

A dedicated web front-end will share these insights and will also host CARMINA (Cardiovascular And Research-driven Molecular Insight with Novel Assistant), an AI-powered research assistant designed to support specialized cardiovascular research. CARMINA will orchestrate the Intelligent Policy Agent (IPA), enabling autonomous trend analysis, computational modeling of interventions, and the creation of clear, actionable policy briefings for decision-makers in cardiology and diabetology.

This year’s ESC Digital & AI Summit motto, “Prepare for the next frontier in cardiovascular care”, aligns strongly with JACARDI’s overarching mission: accelerating patient outcomes and transforming clinical workflows across Europe through better data, smarter tools and more equitable care pathways.

Today, accurate, comparable and timely data on cardiovascular disease and diabetes remain limited, yet this information is essential for developing targeted policies that reduce disease burden, improve healthcare for all citizens and help close persistent inequalities.

The ESC Digital & AI Summit remains a key meeting point for global leaders, innovators and technology experts shaping the digital transformation of cardiovascular care, and pilots like this one from CNIC demonstrate how JACARDI is already turning that vision into meaningful, data-driven progress across Europe.

Learn more about CARMINA here.

The invisible shift that marks a woman’s heart forever 🫀 

Hot flashes, mood changes and sleep disturbances are often associated with menopause. But the real, silent threat may lie deeper: the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death among postmenopausal women, yet awareness is still low.

Women typically develop heart disease later than men, thanks to the vascular protection offered by estrogen during their reproductive years. But once this hormonal shield declines, risk rises sharply. Estrogen helps regulate lipids, supports endothelial function, and controls inflammation. Without it, LDL cholesterol increases, arteries stiffen, and insulin resistance becomes more common.

📉 Menopause increases risk factors

As highlighted in research developed in Poland [1], the menopausal period is a critical window for cardiovascular risk acceleration. Several factors emerge or intensify during this time: lipid disorders, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and lifestyle issues like smoking and physical inactivity. In simple terms, during menopause the body experiences more “wear and tear” at the cellular level (known as oxidative stress), and the nervous system becomes more active, which can tighten blood vessels. Substances like endothelin also cause blood vessels to narrow. All these changes can irritate the blood vessel walls and make them stiffer over time.

Physiologically, there’s also a rise in oxidative stress, sympathetic nervous activity, and vasoconstrictive agents like endothelin, contributing to vascular inflammation and arterial remodeling.

Hypertension, in particular, is often underdiagnosed and undertreated in women. In developed countries, about 30% of adult women live with it, many unknowingly. Postmenopausal women are twice as likely to develop hypertension compared to premenopausal women, and even borderline cases can cause more vascular damage in women than in men [2].

This hormonal shift doesn’t just mark the end of fertility, it fundamentally rewires the cardiovascular system. A meta-analysis confirmed that women with early menopause (before age 45) face a higher risk of hypertension, likely due to a steeper drop in estrogen and a lower estrogen-to-androgen ratio [3]. Regular monitoring and healthy lifestyle habits, such as exercise and a balanced diet, are crucial to managing these risks and maintaining heart health.

A gap that matters

Despite strong evidence, most cardiovascular risk assessments still overlook menopause as a critical factor. This oversight leaves many women underdiagnosed during a key phase of vulnerability. Menopause must be seen as a cardiovascular checkpoint. Risk models should integrate hormonal status, and clinicians should tailor prevention, screening, and even hormone therapy decisions with heart health in mind.

That’s where JACARDI comes in. One of the core objectives of the joint action is to address gender-specific gaps in cardiovascular care, including the urgent need to improve outcomes for women in midlife. Menopause can no longer be left out of the cardiovascular conversation.

Let’s bridge the gap. Women’s hearts deserve it!

#JACARDI #EU4Health #CardiovascularHealth #WomensHealth #MenopauseAwareness

Sources: 

[1] Ryczkowska K, Adach W, Janikowski K, Banach M, Bielecka-Dabrowa A. Menopause and women’s cardiovascular health: is it really an obvious relationship? Archives of Medical Science. 2023;19(2):458-466. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/157308 

[2] Miller, V. M., Lahr, B. D., Bailey, K. R., Heit, J. A., Harman, S. M., & Jayachandran, M. (2015). Longitudinal effects of menopausal hormone treatments on platelet characteristics and cell-derived microvesicles. Platelets, 27(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.3109/09537104.2015.1023273 

[3] Anagnostis, P., Theocharis, P., Lallas, K., Konstantis, G., Mastrogiannis, K., Bosdou, J. K., … & Goulis, D. G. (2020). Early menopause is associated with increased risk of arterial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas, 135, 74-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.03.006

More than cancer: The silent epidemic in Europe 

“I almost didn’t see my daughter graduate.” Alice, a 45-year-old mother of two, was the picture of health, or so she thought. Until one day, a sudden heart attack left her in the ICU, fighting for her life. Like many others, Alice was unaware of her cardiovascular risk factors. Her story is a stark reminder of the silent epidemic plaguing Europe: cardiovascular disease (CVD). Historically, CVD has been the leading cause of death in the European Union, claiming over 1.8 million lives annually and affecting more than 60 million people. [1],[2] Recent improvements in cardiovascular care in some countries highlight progress, but the burden of CVD remains unparalleled.

Despite its massive toll, CVD lacks the policy attention it deserves. Rising obesity and diabetes rates, particularly among younger populations, are fueling this crisis, while the decline in mortality rates has slowed alarmingly. Marleen Kestens, Manager of CVD Prevention Policies at the European Heart Network (EHN), underscores this urgency:

“CVD remains the leading cause of death in the EU, surpassing cancer and diabetes, yet it has long lacked the policy attention it urgently requires. The progress achieved through Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan presents a clear opportunity: its lessons, good practices, and even its unimplemented measures on prevention and nutrition can help shape an effective Cardiovascular Health (CVH) Plan. With up to 80% of premature CVD deaths being preventable through public health measures and/or preventative treatment, the time to act is now to make the healthy choice the default choice.” 

A blueprint for action

The success of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan, reflected in the fact that over 90% of its actions are completed or well underway. Council Recommendations on cancer screening, on vaccine-preventable cancers, and on smoke- and aerosol-free environments provide recommendations to Member States and are extending access to important tools such as cancer screening, Human Papillomavirus and Hepatitis B vaccination, and strengthening protection from cancer risk factors such as tobacco. [3] 

These principles are equally vital for tackling CVD. JACARDI is committed to building on this momentum. By collaborating with organizations like EHN and supporting the European Alliance for Cardiovascular Health (EACH)’s roadmap, JACARDI aims to promote preventative care and education, advocate for evidence-based policy changes, and foster partnerships to enhance cardiovascular health across Europe.

For the Coordination Team of JACARDI, “the current policy momentum presents a pivotal opportunity to advance the development and implementation of a dedicated EU Cardiovascular Health Plan. Building on the achievements and lessons of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan, such a framework must be tailored to the distinct complexities of cardiovascular disease prevention, early detection, and integrated care. We strongly endorse this strategic direction. We are firmly committed to contributing to and advocating for a comprehensive, equity-driven EU response.”

Central to JACARDI’s mission is the promotion of equity and diversity inclusion, grounded in gender-responsive and context-specific approaches. “We believe that only by embedding these principles at every level of policy and practice can we truly reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and ensure that no one is left behind,” explain the members of JACARDI’s Coordination Team.

Aligned with JACARDI’s vision, EACH envisions a future where, by 2030, premature and preventable deaths from CVD are reduced by one-third [4]. This ambitious goal aligns with Sustainable Development Goal Target 3.4 and prioritizes access to high-quality risk assessments, personalized care pathways, and reduction of health inequalities across Europe.

Turning vision into reality

Alice’s story, though fictional, represents the reality faced by millions. CVD is a silent epidemic, but it doesn’t have to remain that way. By learning from the successes of Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan and implementing a robust Cardiovascular Health Plan, fewer lives will be lost to preventable cardiovascular conditions. Together, we can make cardiovascular health a priority across Europe and create a future where the healthy choice becomes the default choice.

About the CVH Plan

The European Commission is currently developing the European Cardiovascular Health Plan (CVH Plan) to address Europe’s leading cause of death. In parallel, the European Alliance for Cardiovascular Health (EACH) has published A European Cardiovascular Health Plan: The Roadmap, which sets out a shared vision and concrete recommendations to reduce premature and preventable cardiovascular deaths by one third by 2030. Together, these efforts aim to ensure universal access to risk assessments, patient-centred care, and comprehensive strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Learn more.

Sources: 

[1] Fighting cardiovascular disease – a blueprint for EU action, June 2020. European Heart Network and the European Society of Cardiology. https://ehnheart.org/about-cvd/eu-action-on-cvd/ 

[2] Samuel Chin Wei Tan, Bin-Bin Zheng, Mae-Ling Tang, Hongyuan Chu, Yun-Tao Zhao, Cuilian Weng, Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and its Risk Factors, 1990–2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 2025; hcaf022, https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaf022

[3] Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan: a comprehensive action plan working hand in hand with the Cancer Mission. European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies: Domenico Fiorenza Glanzmann, Vittoria Carraro, Philippe Roux; CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 12 March 2025, https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/380751/Eurohealth-31-1-6-eng.pdf?sequence=1 

[4] A European Cardiovascular Health Plan: The need and the ambition, May 2022. European Alliance for Cardiovascular Health (EACH). https://www.cardiovascular-alliance.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/EACH-Plan-Final_130522.pdf 

Francesco Cosentino: Policy change can only happen when it is driven both at EU and national level

As the European Commission prepares to launch the European Cardiovascular Health Plan, recognizing the strong link between cardiovascular disease and diabetes is more important than ever. However, for real impact, the plan must provide funding that reflects the scale of the CVD burden, says Francesco Cosentino, Vice-President of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) from 2020 to 2022, and a member of JACARDI’s Stakeholder Advisory Board. JACARDI’s work in optimizing the availability of health data can play a vital role in shaping future policies and ensuring data availability will also be key to improving adherence to guidelines.

What significance does JACARDI hold for you and your organization in terms of its mission and values?

The mission of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) is to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our society is very supportive of the great work being undertaken through JACARDI, which aims to support European countries in reducing the burden of CVD and diabetes and improve quality of care for the individuals affected.

How do you see JACARDI’s role in tackling the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Europe?

I believe that JACARDI, through its numerous science-based pilot projects in 18 EU countries and with its network of 76 partners, has great potential to foster community spirit, knowledge sharing and to create value for tackling the increasing prevalence of CVD and diabetes across Europe. I think that JACARDI’s main strength is the integrated approach addressing both diseases simultaneously with a focus on the entire patient journey.

How do you think JACARDI will influence future collaboration on cardiovascular disease and diabetes prevention in Europe?

JACARDI specifically reflects the realities of patients who live with two comorbidities. We know CVD remains the predominant cause of death and disability in Europe. In the European Union, 62 million people live with CVD and 5 million new cases are diagnosed every year. In addition, 1 in 10 adults live with diabetes. What we also know is that people with diabetes have a two to three times higher cardiovascular risk than people without diabetes. They also see their life expectancy reduced by 10-14 years.

It is important to diagnose CVD and diabetes as early as possible to prevent complications and reduce healthcare costs. Recognizing these interlinkages between these two comorbidities is also crucial in the context of the incoming European Cardiovascular Health Plan from the European Commission. I believe that diabetes will be included within this plan.

So, joint health checks based on common risk factors for both diseases, such as high body mass index (BMI), high blood pressure, tobacco and alcohol consumption, high blood glucose and high LDL cholesterol are sensible and cost-effective options for the identification of high cardiovascular risk in individuals.

Based on your experience chairing the ESC Guidelines on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, how can JACARDI’s research contribute to shaping future clinical guidelines in Europe?

Our ESC Guidelines on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease are an excellent tool to implement evidence-based, person-centered treatment strategies. This is what we call personalized medicine, which we know is effective in reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes. I believe that findings from JACARDI may potentially help the implementation of our guidelines in the daily clinical practice.

A critical step is ensuring that the clear target outlined in the ESC guidelines, to achieve better outcomes for people living with diabetes and CVD, is met for all patients. However, we are not there yet.

In this regard, data availability, data sharing and utilization are really crucial to improve patients’ and healthcare professionals’ adherence to the guidelines. One of the Work Packages of JACARDI aims to optimize the way individuals, communities, and organizations access, understand and use health information. These can be very helpful in shaping future guidelines.

With your background in cardiovascular pharmacology, what role do you think pharmacological innovations will play in complementing JACARDI’s efforts to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and diabetes?

I believe that a wide range of stakeholders have an important part to play in improving cardiovascular health in our population. This also includes the innovations coming from pharma and device companies. We hope that the innovation pipeline will continue to improve in the coming years as many clinical needs remain unmet.

Collaboration is definitely key and this is why the ESC is also a proud partner of the European Alliance for Cardiovascular Health (EACH), which comprises 21 leading organizations, including medical societies, industries and patients organizations.

Given your leadership experience in the European Society of Cardiology, how can JACARDI help drive policy changes at the European level to improve cardiovascular and diabetes care across diverse healthcare systems?

The ESC together with the European Alliance for Cardiovascular Health, has been advocating for a European Cardiovascular Health Plan for many years. Now finally, the policy context is extremely positive. The President of the EU Commission put CVD on the agenda and the Commissioner for Health has committed to developing a European Cardiovascular Health Plan, similar in ambition to Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan.

This was announced on the 3rd of December 2024, on the same day the Ministers of Health from the 27 Member States of the European Union approved the Council Conclusions on the Improvement of Cardiovascular Health in the EU.

It is clear that the plan is coming. What we need to ensure is that there is significant funding attached to the plan, proportionate to the burden of CVD. I believe the magnitude of work and effort from JACARDI also shows the interest at Member State level of this being a priority topic.

Policy change can only happen when it is driven at both the EU and national levels. And JACARDI showcases this important complementary nature with 80% of the close to €60 million in funding coming from the EU and the remaining 20% from the 21 participating European countries. I think collaboration is key and the driving force behind making real progress.

Prof. Francesco Cosentino is a Professor of Cardiology at the Karolinska Institute and University Hospital in Stockholm, Vice-President of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) from 2020 to 2022 and co-Chair of the ESC Advocacy Committee from 2022 to 2024. He chaired the 2019 ESC Guidelines on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease and serves as Deputy Editor of the European Heart Journal and Consulting Editor of Cardiovascular Research Journal.

As a leading researcher, he has received grants and awards from national and international research councils and private foundations and has authored over 200 original articles in top-ranking, peer-reviewed journals. As a member of JACARDI’s Stakeholder Advisory Board, he contributes to work packages focused on data insights (WP7), screening (WP8), patient pathways (WP9), and patient self-management (WP10).

Learn more about Francesco Cosentino and his work here, and about ESC here.

From promising ideas to real impact: WHO’s Quick Buys for combating NCDs

What if targeted actions could transform public health across Europe in just five years? This was the question posed at an event organized by the WHO European Region, where experts gathered to unveil and discuss the groundbreaking paper ‘Quick buys for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases’. The study, conducted by experts in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) at WHO/Europe, has for the first time analysed exactly how 25 specific public health measures, so-called quick buys, can have a positive impact on population health across Europe and central Asia in as little as 5 years.

NCDs are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In Europe, they account for 90% of all deaths and 85% of disability, including mental ill health. A significant proportion of NCD deaths are premature, before the age of 70 and an estimated 60% of all avoidable NCD deaths are due to preventable causes. These could be addressed by reducing alcohol and tobacco use, unhealthy diets and physical inactivity.

However, progress on NCD prevention has stalled, as highlighted by the WHO Europe’s European Health Report 2024 and the UN’s 2025 NCD progress report. These publications show a rise in obesity and diabetes and insufficient progress toward meeting global NCD targets by 2030. With just 25 weeks remaining until the 4th UN High-Level Meeting on NCDs, the clock is ticking to accelerate progress toward reducing premature mortality from NCDs. In line with this objective, JACARDI supports countries in reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes at the individual and health system levels.

From best buys to quick buys: a roadmap for action

Dr Benedetta Armocida, coordinator of JACARDI, emphasized during the event the transformative potential of these interventions. “Advancing cost-effective policies is a global health priority. This paper makes a critical contribution by introducing structured timeframes, an essential component for strategic planning, implementation and impact assessment”.

WHO has previously identified a set of best buys, proven, cost-effective measures to address NCDs. Now, it can show which of those measures deliver the fastest results. The 25 quick buys, published in The Lancet Regional Health – Europe [1], include policies targeting key risk factors and disease groups.

The 25 quick buys with proven impact within 5 years

These measures are designed to yield high-impact results in record time, making them indispensable in the current public health landscape. Professor David Stuckler, from the University of Bocconi and co-author of the paper, echoed the urgency: “This paper is a roadmap for action. There are no more excuses not to implement it”.

The quick buys focus on practical measures. For example, pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults, treatment of myocardial infarctions with acetylsalicylic acid, and treating strokes with intravenous thrombolytic therapy have all an impact of less than a year.

The role of Joint Actions: JACARDI and JA PreventNCD

As a Joint Action initiative, JACARDI exemplifies how research and policy can align to drive meaningful change.

1. Provide evidence on feasibility, scalability and sustainability

The study on quick buys underscores the need for more natural experiments to assess the real-world impact of interventions. “This is precisely where Joint Actions like JACARDI can play a crucial role. By generating robust implementation research, Joint Actions provide essential evidence on feasibility, scalability and sustainability of interventions. JACARDI serves as a bridge between research and policy, facilitating the translation of evidence into concrete, actionable strategies at national and regional level”, explained Dr Armocida.

2. Creating a platform for knowledge exchange

Stakeholder cooperation and a multi-sectoral approach is another aspect highlighted by the JACARDI coordinator. “By fostering cooperation among Member States and key EU stakeholders and diverse sectors, Joint Actions can create a platform for knowledge exchange, capacity building and coordinated policy responses. This collaborative approach extends beyond national boundaries, contributing to a more integrated and effective NCDs prevention and control framework at European level”, concluded Dr Armocida.

3. Ensuring the effectiveness and equity of monitoring systems

In line with this, Dr Hanna Tolonen, representing JACARDI’s sister project called JA PreventNCD, emphasized the vital importance of monitoring systems in ensuring the effectiveness and equity of public health interventions: “Within JA PreventNCD, we are working on the monitoring aspects to see how countries are currently tracking progress and how we can support them in improving their surveillance activities”.

By leveraging collaborative initiatives like these and integrating evidence-based strategies, the path forward becomes clearer and more achievable. The message from the WHO/Europe event is clear: the time for action is now. This is the way to turn promising ideas into tangible health outcomes for all.

Source:
[1] Gauden Galea, Allison Ekberg, Angela Ciobanu, Marilys Corbex, Jill Farrington, Carina Ferreira-Bores, Daša Kokole, María Lasierra Losada, Maria Neufeld, Ivo Rakovac, Elena Tsoy, Kremlin Wickramasinghe, Julianne Williams, Martin McKee, David Stuckler, Quick buys for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases

The Lancet Regional Health – Europe, 2025, 101281, ISSN 2666-7762

David Beran: What has impressed me most is the collaboration between outstanding scientists across Europe

David Beran, a member of JACARDI’s Scientific Advisory Board, highlights the value of the network being built through JACARDI, fostering exchanges that will have a positive impact on science beyond the project. He is a Swiss citizen and Assistant Professor at University of Geneva specialized in health management and diabetes. In his view JACARDI exemplifies the strength of the European ideal of uniting individuals from different member states to collectively improve lives. David Beran is currently involved in leading a new initiative that aims to bridge science and policy, the NCD Policy Lab at University of Geneva. In this interview, he shares his insights on the connection between evidence-based outcomes and policy making, the anticipated local and global impacts of the JACARDI pilot projects and the importance of collaboration and mutual learning in research.

What significance does JACARDI hold for you and your organization in terms of its mission and values?

I think there’s three ways to answer this question. As a university researcher specialized in diabetes, I believe we need more research to document and develop a wide range of tailored solutions. JACARDI does this with the diversity of pilot projects across different countries and contexts.

I would say another important element is that one of the missions of the division I’m in focuses on partnerships and learning from others. One of the key values I’ve observed in JACARDI is the interactions, discussions and presentations among colleagues from different countries, exchanging their experience, their knowledge and working together.

Finally, I’m leading a new initiative at the University of Geneva, the NCD Policy Lab, which aims to bridge science and policy. This goal is in line with the objectives of JACARDI. This Joint Action also recognises the need to engage a wide range of policymakers, including the EU, the World Health Organisation, ministries of Health, local authorities and even mayors or lower level officials. I think these three areas are crucial for JACARDI: research, partnership and knowledge sharing, and the link between science and policy.

How do you see JACARDI’s role in tackling the increasing prevalence of diabetes in Europe?

I think JACARDI has an important role to play in the fight against diabetes. The different work packages address concrete challenges that exist and the approach is to document the challenges and to also find innovative solutions. The approach of having different pilot projects and how these can address local specific challenges, as well as how these lessons from a small context can then be transferred to the whole country or even to the whole of Europe is really innovative. I really think that the strength of this project is to look at those local specificities and then to take that mutual learning and spread the lessons learned beyond that small pilot either to the whole country or to other countries.

From your extensive experience as a diabetes researcher, how do you think JACARDI will influence future collaboration on diabetes prevention in Europe?

Beyond the scientific aspects, what has impressed me most is the collaboration between the outstanding scientists across Europe in this Joint Action. A valuable outcome of this project is the network that is being created, fostering exchanges that will have a positive impact on science beyond JACARDI.

As a Swiss citizen living outside “Europe”, I’m also a proud European. I think this project exemplifies the strength of the European ideal of uniting individuals from different member states to collectively improve lives. To really tackle diabetes, which is a global challenge and a European challenge. And again, JACARDI is bringing together the best scientists to tackle it.

Moreover, diabetes is not only a health problem, it is also a social and economic problem. I firmly believe that research has the power to document, to provide solutions and to guide governments in their responses to this challenge.

What impact do you hope JACARDI will have on future research and policy-making?

The pilot projects have the potential to move from pilots to full-blown projects. So, what does it take to scale up a pilot? Scaling up can mean different things: does it involve expanding to one more region, to an entire country, or even to other European nations? Will these larger initiatives within a specific country drive progress? Could they also be regarded as multi-country studies based on the initial pilot fostered by JACARDI?

As I mentioned earlier, I believe that the networks created are the greatest impact that JACARDI can have on future research. Research thrives on collaboration and the exchange of ideas, and this project has excelled in fostering these connections. For example, I was involved in the work package tackling patient pathways, where colleagues from different countries, such as Spain, Italy or Finland, all worked together on important data issues.

There are so many ideas floating around that you can clearly see this could lead to future research and have a clear impact on diabetes policy. One potential impact is on policies that continue to support research in this area, while another is on policies to adopt the outcomes of JACARDI. I think we need more research and this Joint Action has a role to play in highlighting the importance of research and continued funding for research. Both of those will take investment, time and engagement with policy makers and I think JACARDI has already started to do that. It will take persistence and patience to really be able to keep this on the policy makers’ agenda both by emphasizing the need for further research and by highlighting what JACARDI’s results mean for the future of diabetes.

I also see an opportunity to demonstrate the value of JACARDI’s work for people with diabetes and non-communicable diseases. By involving advocates and patient organizations and sharing JACARDI’s successes with the media, we can remind everyone that people with diabetes are citizens with rights and a voice. With one in ten people in Europe affected by diabetes, they represent a significant political bloc. Building on this momentum, JACARDI can continue to show policymakers the return on their investment, while also highlighting the need for ongoing support for this unique and exciting initiative.

David Beran is an Assistant Professor at the Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva within the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine. Previously, he has worked as Project Coordinator of the International Insulin Foundation based at University College London (UCL) where he developed and implemented a health systems tool to assess access to diabetes care. This work was carried out in Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Vietnam and Zambia and led to the development of specific policies and projects to address the barriers identified.

His research interests include health systems and health systems research, management of chronic diseases, diabetes, access to insulin and the issue of multi-morbidity. Current projects include the NCD Policy Lab at University of Geneva, a global survey of barriers to access to insulin, and he has worked closely with the WHO on the issues of diabetes and access to medicines for noncommunicable diseases.

Learn more about David Beran’s work, the NCD Policy Lab, and connect on LinkedIn.